Belief

HEYHEY,
I know guys all love the periodic tables.... BUT hey, I am not doin it today, so.... too bad, HAHA.

I will be doing Seperation of Mixtures....
SO please enjoy...

What are Mixtures... ?
-Mixtures are subtances( mostly ) in nature, and are not found in their pure form.
Examples: granite rock, milk, sea water, air, alloys( 2 diff.metals )...

There are 5 Seperation Methods....
-Magnectic attraction
-Filtration
-Evaporation
-Distillation
-Paper chromatography

Magnetic Attraction
-It can be used to seperate magnectic materials from those that are not attracted by magnets.
-Usage...: in food processing and salvaging scrap iron and steel.

Filtration
-Used to seperate an insoluble solid from a solid liquid mixture
-Either one object in that mixture that you want to filter, must be insoluble, and the other one soluble...
-Residue( insoluble ) will be found on the filter funnel after filtration.
-Filtrate( soluble ) will be found in the beaker, after it has successfully passed through the filter funnel.
-Uses...Vacuum Cleaners.. Coffee Makers.. Water treatment..

Evaportaion
-Used to seperate a dissolved solid and solid liquid mixture
-Solvent evaporates and therefore, the residue remains..
-If you want to get an insoluble... Evaporation is the one to use....

Simple Distillation
-Used to seperate pure liquid from a solid-liquid or liquid-liquid mixture. ( see notes for illustration... paiseh )
-The process of obtaining a pure liquid( solvent ) from a solution( solute + solvent )
-Solution is boiled till solvent reaches its boiling point. It then changes into gaseous steam, where it is pure.
-It then travels to the condenser and condensed to form the pure liquid which is collected as the distillate.

Distillation
-Distillation is a combination of 2 processes; boiling, followed by condensation.
-has 2 versions. Simple and Fractional Distillation.

Fractional Distillation
-Used to separate two or more miscible liquids.
-Miscible Liquids are liquids that are completely soluble in each other.
-Examples: Ethanol and water...
-MAJOR DIFFERENCE; it has a fractionary collumn.
-Fractionary Column separates liquids in order of boiling points.
-Liquid with the lowest boilding point boils first and its vapour travels up the fractionating column, condenses in the condenser and is collected as distillate.
-Read notes for more info. Ps. No diagram diff. explain.. ==

Chromatography
-Method of separating and identifying mixtures, especially in industry.
-EXAM [ tested on paper chromatography only related things ..! ]
-Seperates mixtures based on the solubility of the different solutes in the mixture in a solvent.
-Different solutes have different solubilities in a solvent.

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
-Used to seperate small amounts of mixtures like the coloured substances in ink and dyes.
-The solvent chosen for chromatography must dissolve the dyes present in the ink.
STEPS
1) Draw a line with pencil
2) Dot ink on line
3) Put it in solvent, pencil line MUST be 2cm above solvent.
4) Wait...

-SOLVENT CHOSEN IS IMPORTANT AS THE DYS MUST BE SOLUBLE IN THE SOLVENT!

-Identical dyes travel the same distance up the paper, they have the same solubility in the solvent chosen.

REVERSE OSMOSIS?
GO READ YOUR NOTES!!!!

---End of Separation of Mixtures---

-Calvin...

Labels: Science Separation of Mixtures.